Systemctl vs Service Cheatsheet
Useful Links
Basic Command Comparison
Services |
chkconfig |
systemctl |
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Processes |
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Enable |
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Disable |
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Start |
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Stop |
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Status |
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Restart |
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Reload |
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List All |
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List |
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Check |
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Adding |
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Systemctl Commands
Wants and Needs
These three targets take care of the system’s basic configuration, including mounting filesystems and starting udev.
$ sudo systemctl show -p Wants multi-user.target --no-pager
Wants=systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service mcelog.service acpid.service rpcbind.service abrt-vmcore.service sendmail.service irqbalance.service sshd.service ksm.service rsyslog.service abrt-ccpp.service abrtd.service avahi-daemon.service remote-fs.target arp-ethers.service ksmtuned.service auditd.service cups.path atd.service sm-client.service gpm.service chronyd.service libvirtd.service abrt-oops.service nfs-lock.service smartd.service mdmonitor.service crond.service NetworkManager.service systemd-ask-password-wall.path systemd-logind.service plymouth-quit-wait.service plymouth-quit.service getty.target systemd-user-sessions.service dbus.service tcsd.service jexec.service iscsid.service iscsi.service
$ sudo systemctl show -p Wants basic.target --no-pager
Wants=ip6tables.service iptables.service fedora-configure.service alsa-restore.service udev.service fedora-autorelabel.service fedora-loadmodules.service fedora-autorelabel-mark.service systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer console-kit-log-system-start.service udev-trigger.service
$ sudo systemctl show -p Wants sysinit.target --no-pager
Wants=local-fs.target swap.target lvm2-monitor.service mdmonitor-takeover.service systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service cryptsetup.target plymouth-start.service systemd-journald.service sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount systemd-ask-password-console.path systemd-random-seed-load.service systemd-modules-load.service dev-mqueue.mount proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount systemd-binfmt.service sys-kernel-debug.mount systemd-vconsole-setup.service sys-kernel-config.mount systemd-sysctl.service plymouth-read-write.service dev-hugepages.mount
Alternative form of the above (using the symlinks)
$ sudo ls /*/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/:
abrt-ccpp.service acpid.service avahi-daemon.service gpm.service libvirtd.service nfs-lock.service sendmail.service
abrtd.service arp-ethers.service chronyd.service irqbalance.service mcelog.service remote-fs.target smartd.service
abrt-oops.service atd.service crond.service ksm.service mdmonitor.service rpcbind.service sm-client.service
abrt-vmcore.service auditd.service cups.path ksmtuned.service NetworkManager.service rsyslog.service sshd.service
/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/:
dbus.service getty.target plymouth-quit.service plymouth-quit-wait.service systemd-ask-password-wall.path systemd-logind.service systemd-user-sessions.service
$ sudo ls /*/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/
/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/:
ip6tables.service iptables.service
/lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/:
alsa-restore.service fedora-autorelabel-mark.service fedora-configure.service systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer udev-trigger.service
console-kit-log-system-start.service fedora-autorelabel.service fedora-loadmodules.service udev.service
$ sudo ls /*/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/
/etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/:
lvm2-monitor.service mdmonitor-takeover.service
/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/:
cryptsetup.target plymouth-read-write.service sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount systemd-ask-password-console.path systemd-modules-load.service systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
dev-hugepages.mount plymouth-start.service sys-kernel-config.mount systemd-binfmt.service systemd-random-seed-load.service systemd-vconsole-setup.service
dev-mqueue.mount proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount sys-kernel-debug.mount systemd-journald.service systemd-sysctl.service
Which Service started which Processes
$ sudo systemd-cgls --no-pager
├ user
│ └ geoff
│ └ 2
│ ├ 1135 gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
│ ├ 1271 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login
│ ├ 1275 gnome-session
│ ├ 1286 dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session
│ ├ 1287 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
│ ├ 1348 /usr/libexec/imsettings-daemon
│ ├ 1351 /usr/libexec/gvfsd
│ ├ 1353 /usr/libexec//gvfs-fuse-daemon -f /run/user/geoff/gvfs
│ ├ 1360 /usr/lib64/xfce4/xfconf/xfconfd
│ ├ 1472 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start
$ sudo systemd-cgtop
$ sudo systemd-cgls --no-pager /system/cups.service
/system/cups.service:
└ 1493 /usr/sbin/cupsd -f
$ sudo ps xaw -eo pid,args,cgroup
PID COMMAND CGROUP
1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd name=systemd:/system
2 [kthreadd] -
3 [ksoftirqd/0] -
6 [migration/0] -
7 [watchdog/0] -
< snip >
349 [kworker/1:2] -
358 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-jo cpuacct,cpu:/system/systemd-journald.service;name=systemd:/system/systemd-journald.service
359 [kauditd] -
363 /usr/lib/udev/udevd cpuacct,cpu:/system/udev.service;name=systemd:/system/udev.service
397 [flush-253:1] -
398 [kvm-irqfd-clean] -
468 /usr/lib/udev/udevd cpuacct,cpu:/system/udev.service;name=systemd:/system/udev.service
469 /usr/lib/udev/udevd cpuacct,cpu:/system/udev.service;name=systemd:/system/udev.service
Boot-up Problems
- start the kernel with the following parameters
systemd.log_target=kmsg systemd.log_level=debug
provides extensive troubleshooting information on the console and records it to kernel notification buffer created by dmesg.
Looking for Answers
$ sudo systemctl kill --signal=USR1 rsyslogd.service
Run Levels/targets
Runlevel: 0 # runlevel0.target, poweroff.target # Halt the system
Runlevel: 1, s, single # runlevel1.target, rescue.target # single user mode
Runlevel: 2 # runlevel2.target, multi-user.target # User defined (equiv to 3)
Runlevel: 3 # runlevel3.target, multi-user.target # Multi-user non-Graphical
Runlevel: 4 # runlevel4.target, multi-user.target # User defined (equiv to 3)
Runlevel: 5 # runlevel5.target, graphical.target # Multi-user Graphical
Runlevel: 6 # runlevel6.target, reboot.target # Multi-user Graphical
Runlevel: emergency # emergency.target # Emergency shell
Changing Run Levels
$ sudo telinit 3
$ sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target, systemctl isolate runlevel3.target
Setting the default runlevel
$ sudo sed s/^id:.*:initdefault:/id:3:initdefault:/
$ sudo ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target